https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PTyecPW9Xro
The whole region has gone full tinder box retard it appears since the morons are chopping heads and laying waste to any thing
they please.
The genetic markers would sort out the current stupid but who cares about facts. The political climate is toxic but we know that here.
The French guy in the clip explains the current poli-tic take over climate.
Mitochondrial Haplogroups
Haplogroups are labeled alphabetically. Today, anthropologists have identified certain haplogroups that originated in Africa, Europe, Asia, the islands of the Pacific, the Americas, and sometimes particular ethnic groups. Of course, haplogroups that are specific to one region are sometimes found in another, but this is due to more recent migration.
Haplogroup A is found mainly in Southern Africa and represents the oldest Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is believed to be the haplogroup of Y-chromosomal Adam.
Haplogroup E1b1a is predominantly found among sub-Sahara African populations.
Haplogroup E1b1b is predominantly found around the coast of the Mediterranean.
Haplogroup G has an overall low frequency in most populations and is found widely distributed in Europe, northern and western Asia, northern Africa, the Middle East and India.
Haplogroup J and its subgroups are predominantly found around the coast of the Mediterranean and the Middle East. Subgroups are frequently associated with Jewish populations.
Since the OTHER "more a few other suspected" bottle neck event in history has been noted also.
Paper has just been published in Genome Research on 456 full sequence Y-chromosomes from around the world. The authors date the MRCA of Y-chromosomes ("Y chromosome Adam") to 254 (95% CI 192–307) kya, find coalescences of major non-African haplogroups to 47–52 kya (which clearly corresponds to the Upper Paleolithic revolution), but also infer a second bottleneck that occurred in the last 10 thousand years.
Anyways other facts remain also
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2386827/
Also patterns exist
http://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/ar ... 2164-9-198
meanwhile The Y chromosome and the mitochondrial genome have been used to estimate when the common patrilineal and matrilineal ancestors of humans lived. We sequenced the genomes of 69 males from nine populations, including two in which we find basal branches of the Y-chromosome tree. We identify ancient phylogenetic structure within African haplogroups and resolve a long-standing ambiguity deep within the tree. Applying equivalent methodologies to the Y chromosome and the mitochondrial genome, we estimate the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of the Y chromosome to be 120 to 156 thousand years and the mitochondrial genome TMRCA to be 99 to 148 thousand years. Our findings suggest that, contrary to previous claims, male
lineages do not coalesce significantly more recently than female lineages.
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/341/6145/562.full
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The point also remains clear the mapping is time segments to axis tilt survival movements also.
The earth wobbles in space so that its tilt changes between about 22 and 25 degrees on a cycle of about 41,000 years. It is the cool summers which are thought to allow snow and ice to last from year to year in high latitudes, eventually building up into massive ice sheets. There are positive feedbacks in the climate system as well, because an earth covered with more snow reflects more of the sun's energy into space, causing additional cooling. In addition, it appears that the amount of Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere falls as ice sheets grow, also adding to the cooling of the climate.
The earth's orbit around the sun is not quite circular, which means that the earth is slightly closer to the sun at some times of the year than others. The closest approach of the earth to the sun is called perihelion, and it now occurs in January, making northern hemisphere winters slightly milder. This change in timing of perihelion is known as the precession of the equinoxes, and occurs on a period of 22,000 years. 11,000 years ago, perihelion occurred in July, making the seasons more severe than today. The "roundness", or eccentricity, of the earth's orbit varies on cycles of 100,000 and 400,000 years, and this affects how important the timing of perihelion is to the strength of the seasons. The combination of the 41,000 year tilt cycle and the 22,000 year precession cycles, plus the smaller eccentricity signal, affect the relative severity of summer and winter, and are thought to control the growth and retreat of ice sheets. Cool summers in the northern hemisphere, where most of the earth's land mass is located, appear to allow snow and ice to persist to the next winter, allowing the development of large ice sheets over hundreds to thousands of years. Conversely, warmer summers shrink ice sheets by melting more ice than the amount accumulating during the winter.
What is The Milankovitch Theory? The Milankovitch or astronomical theory of climate change is an explanation for changes in the seasons which result from changes in the earth's orbit around the sun. The theory is named for Serbian astronomer Milutin Milankovitch, who calculated the slow changes in the earth's orbit by careful measurements of the position of the stars, and through equations using the gravitational pull of other planets and stars. He determined that the earth "wobbles" in its orbit. The earth's "tilt" is what causes seasons, and changes in the tilt of the earth change the strength of the seasons. The seasons can also be accentuated or modified by the eccentricity (degree of roundness) of the orbital path around the sun, and the precession effect, the position of the solstices in the annual orbit.
What does The Milankovitch Theory say about future climate change?
Orbital changes occur over thousands of years, and the climate system may also take thousands of years to respond to orbital forcing. Theory suggests that the primary driver of ice ages is the total summer radiation received in northern latitude zones where major ice sheets have formed in the past, near 65 degrees north. Past ice ages correlate well to 65N summer insolation (Imbrie 1982). Astronomical calculations show that 65N summer insolation should increase gradually over the next 25,000 years, and that no 65N summer insolation declines sufficient to cause an ice age are expected in the next 50,000 - 100,000 years ( Hollan 2000, Berger 2002).
References:
Milankovitch, M. 1920. Theorie Mathematique des Phenomenes Thermiques produits par la Radiation Solaire. Gauthier-Villars Paris.
Milankovitch, M. 1930. Mathematische Klimalehre und Astronomische Theorie der Klimaschwankungen, Handbuch der Klimalogie Band 1 Teil A Borntrager Berlin.
Milankovitch, M. 1941 Kanon der Erdbestrahlungen und seine Anwendung auf das Eiszeitenproblem Belgrade.
(New English Translation, 1998, Canon of Insolation and the Ice Age Problem. With introduction and biographical essay by Nikola Pantic. 636 pp. $79.00 Hardbound. Alven Global. ISBN 86-17-06619-9.)
Recent Calculations of Earth Orbital Parameters and Insolation by A. Berger are archived at the WDC Paleo.
For more detailed explanations of orbital variations with graphic representations, please see WDC Paleo's educational slide set "The Ice Ages".
See also the "Past Cycles: Ice Age Speculations" section of "The Discovery of Global Warming" from the American Institute of Physics for a history of the development of the astronomical theory of climate change.
http://phys.org/news/2014-07-ice-age.html
Also point blank the Phytoplankton -- which form the base of ocean food chains -- have declined 40 percent since 1950.
The trend is linked to warming of the surface of the oceans.
The die-off could affect climate, fisheries and ocean health.
In oceans around the world, there has been a surprisingly large and extensive decline in phytoplankton -- the tiny algae that keep marine food webs afloat.
The drifting green flecks have been dying off for at least a century, with a staggering 40 percent decline since 1950, according to a new study.
Phytoplankton make up half of all plant matter around the globe, said marine ecologist Daniel Boyce, whose study appears this week in the journal Nature. Its disappearance threatens the stability of climate, the well-being of fisheries and the overall health of the oceans.
"It's hard to really imagine phytoplankton could be so important because most people don't see them in their daily lives. They're microscopic and they live out at sea," said Boyce, of Dalhousie University in Halifax, Canada. "But everything that happens to them affects the entire marine food chain, including us."